ORDINANCE 31ORDINANCE NO. -'�/
AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF EL SEGUNDO, CALIFORNIA,
REGULATING THE CONSTRUCTION, ALTERATION, REPAIRING,
DEMOLISHING AND MAINTAINING OF BUILDINGS AND OTHER
STRUCTURES WITHIN SAID CITY, PROVIDING FOR THE CON -
DEMNATION OF BUILDINGS AND OTHER STRUCTURES DANGER-
OUS TO PROPERTY, LIFE OR LIMB, AND FIXING AND LETER-
MINING FIRE LIMITS IN AND FOR SAIL CITY.
The Board of Trustees of the City of El
Segundo do ordain as follows:
SECTION 1. FIRE LIMITS. Those portions
of the City of E1 Segundo, Califbrnia, included with-
in the limits hereinafter described shall be known as
and are hereby designated and established to be Fire
District No. 1 and Fire District No. 2, respectively,
of said City.
Fire District No. 1 shall consist of the ter-
ritory included within the following boundary:
Beginning at a point where the center line of
Pine Street intersects the center line of that certain
public alley lying and being between the westerly line
of Richmond Street and the easterly line of Concord
Street; thence southerly along the center line of said
public alley to a point where the southerly prolonga-
tion of said center line of said alley intersects the
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center line of Ballona Avenue; thence easterly along
the center line of said Ballona Avenue to a point
where the said center line of said Ballona Avenue in-
tersects the southerly prolongation of that certain
public alley lying and being between the easterly
line of Main Street and the westerly line of Standard
Street; thence northerly along the center line of
said alley to a point Where the said center line of
said alley intersects with the center line of Pine
Street; thence westerly along said center line of
Pine Street to the point of beginning.
Fire District No. 2 consists of all that por-
tion of the City of E1 Segundo lying and being with-
out said Fire District No. 1 and within the limits of
said city.
SECTION 2. GENERAL PROVISIONS. It shall
be unlawful for,any person, firm or corporation to
erect, construct, alter, repair, raise, build upon,
move, demolish, maintain or use, or to cause, per-
mit or suffer to be erected, constructed, altered,
repaired, raised, built upon, moved, demolished,
maintained or used within the City of El Segundo
any building or structure or any portion thereof
contrary to any of the provisions of this ordinance.
SECTION 3. PERMIT AND APPLICATION THEREFOR.
It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corpor-
ation to commence or proceed with the erection, con-
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struction and shall include transverse and longitudinal
sectional drawings when such are required by the Build-
ing Inspector. Provided, however, that when the estim-
ated cost of erecting, altering or repairing any build-
ing or structure does not exceed Five Hundred 0500.00)
Dollars, the person, firm or corporation proposing to
make such improvements shall file with the Building
Inspector in lieu of the plans and specifications a
statement in writing setting forth what repairs, al-
terations or improvements are contemplated, and des-
cribing the general character, nature and extent of
the same.
All applications and accompanying plans and
specifications and statements shall be kept on file
by the Building Inspector and the erection, altera-
tion or construction of said buildings or structures,
or any part or parts thereof, when proceeded with,
Shall be constructed in accordance with an approved
copy of plans and specifications and any modification
in drawings and specifications which may be made after
approval by said Building Inspector shall be subject
to his further approval.
SECTION 4. .APPROVAL AND ISSUANCE OF PERMIT.
Upon the filing of any application for any
permit hereunder, the Building Inspector shall approve
or disapprove the same and upon approval thereof may
issue a permit to make such construction, improvement
or alteration.
The issuance of a building permit shall not
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be an adoption by said Building Inspector or the Board
of Trustees of said city of the technical construction
contained in the plans and specifications, if in fact
any portion of said plans and specifications was or is
or proves to be in fact in conflict with any portion of
this ordinance.
Such permit shall be exhibited to any author-
ized representative of the Police or Fire Department
or any other authorized city official upon his making
a demand therefor and for the purposes of such exhib-
ition it must, during the time of construction, be kept
on the premises where the erection, alteration or the
improvement of the building or structure is being con-
ducted.
The Building Inspector may grant a permit for
the erection of any part of a building, or any part of
a structure where plans, specifications and detailed
statements have been presented for the same before the
entire specifications, plans and detailed statements of
said building or structure have been submitted.
Any permit which may be issued pursuant to the
provisions of this Ordinance, but under which no work
is commenced within three months from the time of is-
suance, shall expire by limitation, and no work shall
be done thereunder unless in the discretion of the
Building Inspector the same be renewed; and the Build-
ing Inspector has power to renew the same without
further charge.
The Board of Trustees may, at any time, for
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such causes as they or a majority of them, upon investiga-
tion, may deem sufficient, revoke any permission or
license granted in accordance with the provisions of this
ordinance, and all permits and licenses issued hereunder
are held at the pleasure of the Board of Trustees.
All plans for buildings submitted to the Build-
ing Inspector for which a permit is desired, must be left
with said Building Inspector, an adequate length of time
to allow a complete and thorough examination before per-
mit is issued.
SECTION 5. DEMOLITION OF BUILDING. When any
building within Fire District No. 1 or any building ex-
ceeding two stories in height, in Fire District No. 2,
is proposed to be demolished, the owner or owners'
agent shall file with the Building Inspector a state-
ment of the work to be done, and no such building or
part of such building shall be demolished before such
statement has been filed and a permit has been grant-
ed by said Building Inspector therefor.
In demolishing any building, story after
story shall be completely removed, and no material of
which said building was constructed shall be placed
upon the floor of any such building in the course of
demolition, but shall be lowered to the ground im-
mediately upon displacement; and shall be done in a
manner which is approved by the Building Inspector.
SECTION 6. NON- LIABILITY OF TBE CITY FOR
DAMAGES. Every application shall contain an agree-
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went to save the city and its officers, employees and
agents harmless from all costs and damages which may
accrue in any manner whatsoever, either from use or oc-
cupancy of the sidewalk, street or sub - sidewalk space,
or otherwise.
SECTION 7. FEES FOR PERKITS. The applicant
or applicants for such ouilding permit shall at the
time of filing application pay to the Building Inspect-
or, for expenses, inspection and examination of the
building and plans and specifications, the sum of one
dollar (41.00) if the cost of said buRding, structure,
alteration or improvement does not exceed five hundred
dollars (500.00), and twenty cents additional for
every one hundred dollars ($100.00) or fraction there-
of in excess of five hundred dollars ($500.00).
SECTION 8. PERMITS FOR USE OF SUB - SIDEWALK
SPACE. Permits shall be granted by the Building In-
spector for the use of the apace below the sidewalk
upon application, which permits must be made upon
blanks and subject to such regulation as the Board of
Trustees may devise.
No fee shall be exacted for the permit for
the use of the sub- sidewalk space, but the Board of
Trustees reserves the right to suspend or annul the
privilege of maintaining such cellar or vault, or to
exact a license or rental for the use thereof, or to
apply such sidewalk space, or any portion thereof,
to municipal uses.
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The granting of a permit to use the sub.
sidewalk space shall carry with it the right to ex-
cavate the space and to build the necessary retain-
ing walls.
As a guarantee for the proper restoration
of any portion of the roadway fronting the same
which may be disturbed, or injured, by reason of the
construction of the building or structure, the per -
mittee shall deposit with the Superintendent of
Streets for every front foot or fraction thereof
of the premises in the front of which said excava-
tion is to be made, the sum of tvo and one -half
dollars ($2.50), when the street in front thereof
is paved with blocks, brick, asphalt or bitumen con-
crete or asphaltic concrete, and one and one -half
dollars ($1.50) when such street is graded and mac-
adamized with crushed rock.
Phould the permittee fail to restore any
pavement or street thus injured, the Superintendent
of Streets shall, after five days' notice in writing
posted at the building, restore the pavement or street
and pay the costs of such restoration from the de-
posit.
ry en the work has been completed and any
damage to the curb or roadway has been repaired to the
satisfaction of the Superintendent of Streets, the de-
posit or such remaining portion thereof not usedin
restoring said improvements to the,original condition,
shall be refunded.
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SECTION 9 . PERMIT FOR THE TFAPORARY
OCCUPANCY OF A PUBLIC STREET. No person, firm,
company or corporation shall place or cause to be
placed upon a public street, or any portion thereof,
in the City of El Segundo, any materials or appli-
ances to be used in any manner in making the im-
provements covered by a building permit without first
obtaining any other permits which may be required to
be obtained therefor from the Superintendent of
Streets of said city, or any other official, by any
ordinance of said city.
No materials of any kind shall be deposited
in any gutteraray of any street so as in any manner
to obstruct the same.
All sand, dirt or other materials or debris
of any kind shall be prevented from being blown or
otherwise moved to any other portion of the street,
or from interfering in any way whatsoever with the
carrying on of any business or enjoyment of any
property.
SECTION 10. NEW DEVICES AND MATERIALS.
In eas4s where certain devices, materials or meth-
ods of construction not comprehended within or by
the specifications of this ordinance are claimed to
be equally as good or better than those herein
specified, and written application is made to the
Board of Trustees for a permit to use the same,
said application being accompanied by a written
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agreement on the part of the applicant to pay
all costs incident to the determination, to the
satisfaction of the Board of Trustees, of the merits
of said devices, materials or methods, and the Board
of Trustees may require security therefor. The Board
of Trustees shall have power to have made such exam-
inations or tests of said materials, devices or
methods of construction as said Board of Trustees
shall deem necessary, and in the event of such exam-
inations and tests so made being satisfactory shall
have power to grant a permit to the applicant to
use such devices, materials or methods in accordance
with such rules and specifications as said Board of
Trustees shall require.
SECTION 11. INTERPRETATION OF ORDINANCE.
It is the declared intentiorLof this ordinance to de-
fine limits of construction which shall produce safe
buildings or structures. Nothing in this ordinance
shall be construed to prevent those forms of con-
struction being used which will obviously be of
greater strength or security than called for by the
provisions of this ordinance.
The Building Inspector is herepy authorized
to call upon the City Engineer when he deems such
services necessary to assist said Building Inspector
in the interpretation of this ordinance, the examin-
ation of plans and the inspection of buildings or
structures hereunder.
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SECTION 12. DEFINITION OF TERMS. BUILDING
OR STRUCTURES. For the purposes of this ordinance,
the words "Building" or "Structure" define any con-
struction, the arrangement of which may affect the
health, safety or general welfare of man or animals.
ALTERATIONS.
change or addition.
"Alterations" means any
REP AIRS.
"Repairs" means
the
reconstruct-
ion or renewal of
any existing part
of
a building, or
its fixtures or appurtenances, by which the strength
or the fire risk is not affected or modified.
PARTY
WALL.
"Party
'fall" means a
wall
used, or built
to be
used, in
common by two
or more
buildings.
EXTERIOR
WALLS.
"Exterior Wall"
means
every outer wall
or vertical
enclosure of a
building
other than u party wall.
DIVISION WALL.
"Division Wall" means
any wall other than an exterior wall or a party wall,
which extends the full height of a building and
through the roof, and such walls shall be iu all re-
spects as provided for party walls.
BEARING WALL. "Bearing Wall" means
any wall carrying the interior load of a building.
CURTAIN WALL. "Curtain Wall" means
any wall supported at intervals on the frame of a
building, or a wall which is self- supporting only
on the exterior of a building.
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PARTITION WALL. "Partition Wall" means any
interior wall other than a division wall.
FIRE WALL. The term "Fire Tall" shall
apply to all walls in fire- proof, slow burning and ordinary
buildings built for the purpose of fire resistance. They
may or may not be bewring walls. The tern also applies to
that portion of walls above roof surface.
RETAINING WALLS. The term "Retaining Wall"
shall apply to all walls constructed for the purpose of
holding back or supporting earth.
THICKNESS OF WALL. The term "Thickness of Wall"
means the minimum horizontal thickness of such wall between
floors, or between floor and ceiling or roof.
CELLAR. The term "Cellar" means any story partly
or wholly below the level of the curb, the ceiling of which
is less than four feet six inches above the curb level.
BASELTNT. The term "Basement" means
any story partly below the level of the curb, the ceiling
of which is not less than four feet six inches above the
curb level.
CURB LEVEL. The term "Curb Level"
means the level of the curb directly in front of the middle of
the street line of the building or structure; and where
there is more than one grade or level, the lowest level
shall be taken.
STORY. The term "Story" means
(for the calculation of the thickness of foundation, the
size of studding and estimating of floor loads) the vertical
distance from floor to ceiling. The minimum height of a
story shall be seven and one -half feet.
TERRA COTTA. The term "Terra Cotta" when
used alone, shall apply to the hand- molded baked clay
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material used for architectural decorations and construc-
tion of walls.
HARD TERRA COTTA FIREPROOFING. The term "Hard
Terra Cotta Fireproofing" shall apply to all clay fireproof-
ing material that is manufactured without sawdust.
SEMI- POROUS TERRA COTTA FIREPROOFING. The term
"Semi- Porous Terra Cotta Fireproofing" shall apply to all
clay fireproof material having fifty percentum of sawdust
measured by volume, mixed with fifty percentum of clay.
FRAME OR WOODEN BUILDINGS. A "Frame or Wooden
Building" is a structure whose exterior walls, or a portion
thereof, support the floor and roof loads. Any building so
constructed with the exterior walls covered with wood,
metal, plaster, terra cotta, tiles or masonry shall be
deemed to be frame or wooden structures.
MILL CONSTRUCTION. The term "Mill Construction"
shall mean those buildings that have the framing timbers
exposed to view and the specific requirements of such con-
struction are that the buildings of this type shall be
built without concealed air spaces.
STEEL FRkIZ CONSTRUCTION. The term "Steel Frame
Construction" shall apply to every metal frame used for the
support of a building and includes all the cast and wrought
iron, as well as steel, used in the construction of such
metal frame.
REINFORCED CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION. The term "Rein-
forced Concrete Construction" shall apply to all rock or
gravel concrete used in the construction of posts, beams,
lintels, girders, arches, walls and floors which are
strengthened by iron or steel mesh, cables, bars orshapes
embedded In the concrete in such manner that the two mater-
__ ials act in unison in resisting stresses due to external
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loads, the steel resisting all tension stresses and assist-
ing in the resistance of shearing stresses.
GIRDERS. The term "Girders" in floor
construction shall apply to all beams that are used for
the support of other beams.
DEAI? LOAD.
The term "Dead
Load"
shall
apply to and include
the weight of the floors,
roofs,
walls,
etc., of a building, including all permanent construction.
LIVE LOAD.
The
term "Live
Load" shall
apply to and include
all weights in
a building
other
than the dead loads. Such loads shall include temporary
construction, furniture and people.
TON. The term "Ton" means two
thousand (2000) pounds.
MASONRY. The term "Masonry" shall
apply to brick, stone, concrete or reinforced concrete
construction.
CLASS "A" BUILDINGS. The term "Class A Build-
ing" shall apply to those structures having fireproofed
frames of steel supporting; all floor and wall loads and
with all structural parts of incombustible material.
Walls shall be of brick, stone, concrete, reinforced con-
crete, terra cotta or concrete blocks.
CLASS
"B"
BUILDINGS. The term "Class B
Build-
ing" shall apply
to
those structures having frames
of
reinforced concrete eupparting all wall and floor loads
with all structural parts of incombustible materials.
Walls shall be of brick, stone or reinforced concrete,
terra cotta or concrete blocks.
CLADS "C" BUILDINGS. The term "Class C Build-
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ing" shall apply to those structures having exterior
walls of brick, stone or concrete supporting the adjacent
floor loads and with the exterior floor loads supported
by timber joists, timber or steel girders, steel or cast
iron columns or timber studding. Combustible materials
may be used in all parts except walls.
THEATRES. A "Theatre" is a building
which contains seats for the public, and to which an ad-
mission fee is charged, and in which movable scenery is
used.
OFFICE BUILDING. An "Office Building" is
a building divided into rooms intended and used for office
purposes, and no part of which shall be used for living
purposes, except by the janitor or caretaker thereof and
his family. The first story of an office building may
be used for store or business purposes.
WAREHOUSES. A "Warehouse" is a building
used exclusively for the storage of merchandise.
HOSPITAL OR S.'s3dITnRIUM. A "Hospital or Sanit-
arium" is a building used for the purpose of caring for
the sick, invalids and infirm people, and having accommod-
ations for fifteen or more such people.
HOTEL. A "Hotel" is a building or part thereof
intended, designed or used for supplying food and shelter
to human beings and having a general public dining room
or cafe, or both, and containing more than fifteen guest
rooms.
LODGING HOUSE. A "Lodging House" is a
building containing more than fifteen rooms in which
persons are or may be accommodated with sleeping apartments
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IF
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for hire, by the day, week or month.
DWELL INGS.
A "Dwelling" is a building
Which shall be intended or designed for or used as the
home or residence of not more than two separate and dis-
tinct families or households, and in which not more than
fifteen rooms shall be used for the accommodation of
lodgers or guests, and no part of which structure is
used as a store or for any business purpose. Two or more
such dwellings may be connected on each story and used
for boarding or lod.ing purposes provided the halls and
stairs of each house shall be left unaltered and kept
open and in use as such.
TEN- T AND APARTMENT HOUSES. A tenement house
or apartment house is any building coming within the
definition of a tenement house as defined in the State
Tenement House Law and is subject to the requirement for
same therein.
FLATS.
"Flats" is a building of
two or more stcories containing separate self- contained
dwellings, each dwelling having an independent entrance
on the level of the street or from an outside vestibule
on the level of the fi xet floor.
YARD.
A "Yard" is an open un-
occupied space on the same lot as the house, between the
extreme rear line of the house and the rear line of the
lot.
COURT.
A "Court" is an open un-
occupied space other than a yard on the same lot as the
building. A court extending to the yard or street is an
outer court. A court surrounded on all sides by a build-
ing on the same lot is an inner court. A court extending
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to the lot line is a lot line court.
SHAFT.
A "Shaft" in a building
is any open space other than a court, extending through
the building for two or more stories, exterior or
interior, whether for light, air, elevator, dumb - waiter,
or any other purpose. A vent shaft is one used solely
to ventilate or light, or both, a water closet compart-
ment, or bath room.
STAIR HALL.
"A Stair Hall" includes
the stairs, stair landings and the hallwoys or passages
through which it is customary to pass in going from the
entrance to the roof.
CORNER LOT.
A "Corner Lot" is a lot
situated at the corner of two streets or street and a
public alley, provided that the latter is not less than
sixteen feet in width.
SECTION 13. IMEASUREUMT S FOR HEIGHT, LENGTH
AND 'WIDTH OF BUILDING, AND SEATING CAPACITY. For the
purpose of this ordinance the greatest horizontal linear
dimension of any building shall be its length, and the
next greatest horizontal linear dimension its width.
The height of the buildings shall be measured
from the curb level, as defined in Section 12 of this
ordinance, to a point midway between the highest and
lowest point of the roof in all cases, provided that,
when the ground upon which the walls of a structure
are built is above the curb level, the averap7 a level
for the ground ad joining, the walls may be taken instead
of the curb level for the height of such structure.
In computing the seating capacity of any room
or building in which seats are not fixed, an allowance
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of eight square feet of floor area shall be made for
each person, and all space between the walls or parti-
tions of such room or building shall be measured in this
computation.
SECTION 14. MATERIALS, TESTS, LOADS AND
STRESSES. BRICK. The brick used in all buildings shall
be good, sound, hard, well -burnt brick, or some approved
form of hard sandlime or cement brick.
When old brick are used in any wall they shall
-- be thoroughly cleaned, and shall be whole, sound, well-
burnt brick:
The brick for all piers and exterior walls and
in all cases where required to carry heavy loads shall
be of such quality as will carry a load of four thousand
pounds per square inch without crushing, and the transverse
strength shall be such that a brick eight inches long,
four inches wide and two and one -half inches thick will
carry a concentrated center load of 1600 pounds, the
brick lying flat, supported at each end with not more
than one -inch bearing, and having a clear span of six
inches.
SECTION 159 SAND. The sand used for mortar
or concrete mixture in all buildings shall be clean, grit
sand, free from loam, vegetable or organic matter, and
shall show not more that 10 per cent volume of silt when
tested.
SECTION 16. ROCK. Broken rock used for con-
crete mixtures in all buildings shall be of good quality,
close- grained and sound, and shall be free from loam,
clay, shale or other inferior materials.
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s,
SECTION 17. GRAVEL. The gravel used in all
buildings shall be composed of clean pebbles or hard,
homogeneous rock, of graded sizes, and free from dirt
or other foreign matter.
SECTION 18. LIVE MORTAR. Lime mortar shall
be made of one part lime and not more than five parts
sand, measured dry. All lime used for mortar shall
be thoroughly burnt, of good quality, and properly
slaked before it is mixed with the sand. Such mortar
shall be mixed at least five days before using.
SECTION 19. PORTLAND C &MNT. The standard of
every brand of Portland Cement, the use of which is per-
mitted in the City of E1 Segundo, shall conform, in
-quality, burning, fineness, chemical analysis, physical
tests, and in every other consideration uy which the good
character of cement is determined, to the standard
specifications of the American Society of Testing Mater-
ials.
SECTION 20. CENT MORTAR. Cement mortar
shall be made of cement and sand in the proportion of
one part of cement and not more than three parts of
sand, and shall be used within twenty minutes after
being mixed. The cement and sand are to be measured
dry and thoroughly mixed before adding water.
SECTION 21. CEMENT AND LIME MORTAR. Cement
and lime mortar shall be made in the proportion of one
part of cement to six parts of lime mortar, measured
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in a box, and shall be used within thirty minutes
after the cement is added, the lime mortar shall be
mixed at least five days before cement is added.
SECTION 22. CONCRETE. Concrete shall be
mixed in proportion of not less than one part of
Portland cement to six parts of aggregates for Class
A, B and C buildings, and of not less than one part
of Portland cement to seven parts of aggregates for
other structures.
Ao-gregates shall be either clean sand and
broken rock, broken brick, terra cotta, cinders or
gravel.
Concrete made with broken rock or ;gravel
of graded sizes shall be termed rock concrete.
Rock concrete for foundations and basement
walls shall be composed of not less than one part
Portland Cement, two parts sand and four parts
broken stone or graded gravel, the mesh composition
of broken rock or graded gravel shall be such that
its major dimensions shall not exceed two and one-
half (2 1/2) inches, and its minor dimensions shall
not be less than one - quarter (1/4) inch.
Rock concrete for the construction of
curtain walls, columns, slabs, beams and girders,
shall be composed of not less than one part Portland
Cement, two parts sand, and four parts of broken rock
or graded gravel, the mesh composition of broken rock
or graded gravel shall be such that its major dimen-
sions shall not exceed one and one - fourth (1 1/4)
inches, and its minor dimensions shall not be less
than one - eighth (1/8) inch.
Concrete made of broken brick, terra cotta
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or cinders shall be mixed in proportion of not less
than one part of Portland Cement, two parts of sand,
and four parts of broken brick, terra cotta or cinders.
Where brick or terra cotta are used they shall be thor-
oughly wetted before using. Such concrete shall be
used for floors, floor slabs and fireproofing only.
All concrete shall be mixed by hand and
shall be turned not less than twice dry and twice
wet, or may be mixed by machine.
SECTION 23. REINFORCED CONCRETE. Rein-
forced concrete shall be as described under Sections
12 and 22.
SECTION 24, LOADS. Floors and supports
shall be designed to safely carry not less than the
following loads per square foot of floor area in ad-
dition to the dead loads.
Dwellings, office floors, apartment houses,
tenement houses, hotels, lodging houses, hospitals
and sanitariums, sixty (60) pounds.
School rooms and theatres with fixed desks
and seats, stables and carriage houses, seventy -five
(75) pounds.
Halls of public assemblage, without seats,
halls of schools, theatres and hospitals, ordinary
stores and floors of light manufactories, one hundred
and twenty -five (125) pounds.
Stores with heavy loads, libraries, warehouses,
ordinary manufactories, two hundred and fifty (250)
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pounds.
All sidewalks two hundred (200) pounds.
The strength of any floor intended to carry
running machinery, or unusual or special loads shall
be increased above the minimum given in this section
in proportion to such additional load and as may be
required by the Board ofTrustees.
The roofs of all buildings shall be designed
to safely carry the full dead loads and an additional
live load per superficial foot measured upon a hori-
zontal plane of thirty (30) pounds when the pitch is
less than twenty (20) degrees, and twenty (20) pounds
when the pitch is more than twenty (20) degrees.
911 beams or joists in a building shall be
proportioned to carry the full dead and live load.
In buildings used for offices, dwellings, apartment
houses, hotels, lodging houses, hospitals, schools,
halls and theatres, all girders shall be proportion-
ed to carry the full dead load and at least eighty
per cent of the live load, and the columns shall be
proportioned to carry the full dead load and sixty
per cent of the required live load.
In buildings used for warehouses, stores,
manufactories, libraries, all beams, girders and
columns shall be designed to carry the full dead
and live load.
SECTION 25, WEIGHT OF MATERIALS.
The following weights per cubic foot shall be
used in calculating the dead loads:
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Q'
Pounds
.brick Work, common brick ............... *xl20
Brick Work, pressed brick, ...... o ..... o..140
Concrete Rock or Gravel ..................140
Concrete of Cinders ......................100
Steel ........ ............................490
'Wrought Iron . ............................480
Cast Iron .... ............................450
Sandstone .... ............................150
Granite and Marble .......................164
Terra Cotta .. ............................100
Water ..... ............................... 62.5
Asphaltum .... ............................100
Sand and Gravel, dry, 100 pounds; wet ... 125
Plastering ... ............................100
Redwood ... ............................... 48
Pine and Fir ............................. 40
The weight of other materials shall be determined
from standard authorities or directly by the Board of
Trustees from samples.
SECTION 26. BEARING LOADS ON SOILS AND
FOUNDATIONS. Soils carrying foundations shall not be
loaded more than the following number of tons per square
foot.
Tons
Soft clay......... 1
Foundry firm dry
clay ................. 3
Loam .............. 3
Fine dry sand...... 3
Coarse gravel...... 6
Tons
Sand and clay mixed.. 2
Hard clay............ 4
Compact sand......... 4
Shale rock ........... 10
Hard rock ............ 20
The Board of Trustees may, upon making investi-
-23--
_oA
fy
gation of special forms of foundations, issue per-
mits for such, if approved. They may call for a
test of soils, which must be made by the owner in
such manner as the Board may provide.
SECTION 27. UNIT LOADS OF MASONRY. The
following unit loads per square foot must not be ex-
ceeded:
Tons Tons
BrickworUcement Brickwork lime
and lime mortar..... 10 mortar ..............
7
Concrete.......... 20 Brickwork cement..
mortar ............. ..' 15
Granite........... 28
SECTION 28. TABLE OF ALLOWED UNIT STRESSES.
DER• All timber used for the construction of
buildings shall be free from large or loose knots,
decayed sections, excessive cross grain or other
structural defects.
White Douglas Wash. Red -
Pine Ore. or wood
Spruce Yellow Red Fir
Tension with grain....... 700 1200 1000
150 740
Tension across grain.....
50 2
Compressing with grain 600 1600 900 800
end bearing ............... •
Columns under fifteen 700 1000 600 700
diameters..............••" 200 300 250 200
Compression across grain.
Transverse extreme fiber 600 750
stress ............... ....•• 700 120 125 100
rain...... 100 1550
Shearing with g 500 750 600 400
shearing across grain....
Modulus of elasticity - White pine, spruce,
500,000; 000• Douglas Oregon YelloWFir, 700,000; Washing -
K50 000; Redwood, 550,000.
ton or Red Fir, y th tha 15
Timber columns of greater lens n.
r-
-24- �
gation of special forms of foundations, issue per-
mits for such, if approved. They may call for a
test of soils, which must be made by the owner in
such manner as the Board may provide.
SECTION 27. UNIT LOADS OF MASONRY. The
following unit loads per square foot must not be ex-
ceeded:
Tons Tons
BriokworilKoement Brickwork lime
and lime mortar..... 10 mortar.... *.*9440080 7
Concrete.......... 20 Brickwork cement..
mortar................ 15
Granite........... 28
SECTION 28. TABLE OF ALLOWED UNIT STRESSES.
LUMBER. All timber used for the construction of
buildings shall be free from large or loose knots,
decayed sections, excessive cross grain or other
structural defects.
White Douglas Wash. Red-
Modulus of elasticity - White pine, spruce,
500,000; Douglas Oregon YelloWFir, 700,000; Washing-
ton or Red Fir, 550,000; Redwood, 350,000.
Timber columns of greater length tha.. 15
-24-
Pine
Ore.
or
wood
Spruce
Yellow
Red Fir
Tension with grain.......
700
1200
1000
700
Tension across grain.....
50
200
150
40
Compressing with grain
end bearing ................
800
1600
900
800
Columns under fifteen
diameters ..................
700
1000
800
700
Compression across grain.
200
300
250
200
Transverse extreme fiber
stress .....................
700
1200
800
750
Shearing with grain......
100
150
125
100
Shearing across grain....
500
750
600
400
Modulus of elasticity - White pine, spruce,
500,000; Douglas Oregon YelloWFir, 700,000; Washing-
ton or Red Fir, 550,000; Redwood, 350,000.
Timber columns of greater length tha.. 15
-24-
diameters shall be of Oregon Pine and the strength
of same computed according to standard authorities,
but not exceeding that given by the following form-
ula:
1300 -20X (L -:da), where L equals length and D
equals least side or diameter.
SECTION 29. CAST IRON. All cast iron
castings shall be made of clean, tough gray iron.
They shall be free from injurious shuts, cinder
spots or blow holes. Sample bars one inch square
cast in sand molds, in a span of twelve inches, shall
be capable of sustaining a central load of 2400 pounds,
with a minimum deflection of one -tenth of an inch be-
fore breaking.
SECTION 30. CAST STEEL. Cast steel shall
have an ultimate strength of from 66,000 pounds to
70,000 pounds p =r square inch, an elastic limit equal
to 45 per cent of its ultimate resistance, and an
elongation in two inches of eighteen per centum.
SECTION 31. STEEL. All structural steel
w
used in buildings shall be free from seams, flaws,
cracks, defective edges or other defects, and shall
have a smooth uniform finish.
SECTION 32. WROUGHT IRON. All wrought
iron shall be uniform and fibrous. It shall have an
ultimate resistance of not less than 48,000 pounds
per square inch, and an elastic limit o� not less
-25-
•'ij _f
than
24,000 pounds
per square inch,
and an elonga-
tion
of twenty per
centum in eight
inches when test-
ed in small pieces.
SECTION 33. UNIT STRESS. Unit stress al-
lowed on steel members shall not exceed the follow-
ing:
Direct Compression.
Pounds per
square inch
Rolled Steel .. .........................16,000
Cast Steel .... .........................16,000
Wrought Iron .. .........................12,000
Steel Pins, Rivets (bearing)...........20,000
Direct Tension.
Rolled Steel, net section ..............16,000
Cast Steel, net section ................16,000
Wrought Iron, net section ..............12,000
Direct Shear, Net Section.
Rivets and Pins (steel) ................10,000
Field Rivets (steel) ................... 81,000
Uteel Webb Plates ...................... 9,000
Wrought Iron Plates .................... 79000
Extreme Fibre Stress in Bending.
Rolled Beams . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 , 0 00
Riveted Girders, net section of whole
girder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 , 0 0 0
Cast Iron Tension ...................... 31,000
Cast Iron Compression ..................16,000
-26-
SECTION 34. STEEL COLUIMS. C016PRFSSION.
The dead and live stresses together shall not exceed
in any case 12,000 pounds per square inch. When
columns have greater than fifty times the least radius
of gyration, the allowed stress per square inch shall
be: 15,000 57 x (L - : -R), where L equals the length
in inches and R equals the least radius of gyration
in inches. All eccentric loading shall be calculated
as dead load, and the wind pressure shall be taken at
not less than fifty pounds per square foot, and ad-
ditional sectional area shall be provided for these
stresses. No column shall have unsupported a length
greater than 120 times the least radius of gyration.
All columns shall be constructed in accordance with
the best standard practice.
SECTION 35. GENERAL PROVISIONS FOR CON-
STRUCTION OF CLASS A. B and C BUILDINGS. BRICK_
MASONRY. Brick masonry shall be constructed of
brick laid in cement mortar or lime and cement
mortar. All brick shall be well wet before laid and
shall have close joints filled with mortar. In all
brick walls at least every sixth course shall be a
heading course. The thickness of brick walls in
class 110" buildings shall not be less than that
given in the following table, and party walls shall
be four inches thicker:
-27-
One -story building...
Two -story building...
Three -story building..
Four -story building..
Height of basement
shall not exceed .....
Height of stories in
total above basement.,
shall not exceed......
Base- First
ment. story
inches. inches.
13 9
13 13
17 13
21 17
10 ft.
Second Third Fourth
story story story
inches. inches. inches.
9
13
13
17
13
13
In ft. 30 ft. 45 ft. 55 ft.
If any story exceeds in height the number of
feet prescriued in table, the thickness of each wall through-
out the story shall be increased four inches for every fire
feet or Eraction thereof in excess of the tabulated height.
No nine -inch wall shall be used as a party wall.
kVhen piers of temple size and spaced not more than
sixteen feet on centers are provided to carry roof trusses,
it shall be permissible to build the first story of a one-
_ story building twenty feet in height. And where such
piers are provided it shall be permissible to build the
top story of a three -story building and the top story
of a four -story building nine inches in thickness pro-
vided the height of such stories does not exceed nine
feet six inches.
SECTION 36. INCREASED THICKNESS OF WALLS
FOR BUILDINGS OF GREAT DEPTH. Where any building
without a cross wall or buttress exceeds a depth of
one hundred and twelve and one -half feet, the side or
�26-
bearing walls thereof shall be increased in thickness
four inches more than is prescribed in this ordinance
for thickness of walls, for each one hundred feet or
fraction thereof in excess of such depth.
SECTION 37. TIES, ANChORS, BRACES AND BOND
IRONS. 611 exterior piers shall be anchored to the
beams or girders on the level of each floor.
In no case shall any wall or walls of any
building be carried up, in advance of any other wall*
more than two stories witcout permission of the Board
of Trustees. In no case shall any wall or walls of any
building be carried up more than five feet in advance
of any other walls unless proper provisions for suitable
anchors and ties are made. The front, rear, side and
party Walls Fhall be properly bonded together, or they
shall be anchored to each other, every six feet in their
height, by wrought iron tie anchors not less than one
and one -half inches by three - eighths of an inch in size
and not less than thirty -eight inches in length. The
side anchors shall be built into the side or party
walls not less than sixteen inches, and into the front
and rear walls in such manner that will securely anchor
said front or rear walls to the side and party wall when
same are not built and bonded together.
Bond iron at least three inches by one - quarter
inch shall be bedded in the center of each wall at each
tier of floor or ceiling joists and run around the entire
walls of the building, and must be lock - jointed and anchor-
ed at each angle.
SECTION 38. ARCHES AND LINTELS. Openings for
doors or windows in all masonry or concrete walls shall
-E9-
have good and sufficient archee of stone, brick or terra
cotta, well built and keyed, and with good and sufficient
abutments; or the openings shall have lintels of stone,
iron or steel of sufficient strength, which shall have a
bond at each end of not less than five inches on the wall.
Inside lintels may be of cast iron where the clear span
does not exceed eight feet, or may be of wrought iron
or steel for all spans; where the span exceeds six feet
the ends of lintels shall rest on stone blocks or cast
iron or steel plates. All masonry arches shall be capable
of sustaining the weight and pressure they are designed
to carry. Tie rods shall be used where necessary to
secure stability.
SECTION 39. FACING OF STONE, BRICK OR TERRA
COTTA. Stone used for the facing of any building and
known as Ashler shall not be less than four inches in
thickness, and shall be anchored to the backing with iron
anchors one- eighth inch by three - fourths inch and laid
into the stone at least one inch, or they shall be built
with and bonded into the backing. Ashler shall not be
calculated as a part of the thickness of a wall unless
it be at least eight inches thick and bonded into
the backing. Iron Ashlar plates used in imitation of
stone Ashlar on the face of the wall shall be backed
with the same thickness of masonry as for stone Ashlar.
In walls laid with facing bricks of different
thickness than the main part of the well, the thickness
of the wall provided shall be exclusive of such facing
bricks, unless the facing be bonded into the walls, with
header courses of facing bricks at least every eighth
course.
-30-
Terra Cotta used for facing or for the orna-
mental finish of windows or cornices shall be supported
on a ledge of masonry or steel shelf and shall be anchor-
ed to the masonry backing in a secure mainer in each
section.
The back of Ashlar may be pargeted with lime
mortar to prevent discoloration.
SECTION 40. ROCK CONCRETE MASONRY. In all con-
crete buildings where the walls are built of plain con -
orete without reinforcement, the walls shall be of the
same thickness and under the same conditions as prescribed
for brick buildings, and the concrete used in the con-
struction of such walls shall be as prescribed in Section
22 of this Ordinance.
SECTION 41. REINFORCED CONCRETE MASONRY. In all
concrete buildings where the walls are constructed of
reinforced concrete, the reinforced concrete shall be
built in the form of piers, with connecting or curtain
walls not less than six inches thick, supported on the
frame at each story. If the area of wall surface between
any two adjacent columns and adjacent floor girders ex-
ceeds 300 square feet and is less than 400 square feet,
the thickness of curtain wall shall not be less than
eight inches, and if the area exceeds 400 square feet,
the thickness of curtain wall shall not be less than
twelve inches.
In reinforced concrete walls the sectional area
of the steel reinforcement shall aggregate one -half of
one per cent of the sectional area of the concrete, and
-31-
one -half shall be placed vertically and one -half hor-
izontally.
No reinforcement shall be spaced more than
twenty -four inches apart. Additional reinforcement
shall be placed around openings, and all reinforcement
shall be wired at each intersection. All reinforcement
shall be rigidly connected at columns and girders to the
steel reinforcement of same.
Reinforced concrete walls may be built in the
form of bearing walls of uniform section, and of same
thickness required for brick walls.
When walls are built as piers and curtain
walls, the piers shall be calculated and constructed
as columns. The curtain walls, if built of reinforced
concrete without windows, may b e considered as self-
supporting, in which ease the thickness shall be six
inches for the upper forty feet, followed by an increase
of three inches in thickness for every additional forty
-•-
feet.
Where the outside or bearing walls are pierced
by openings for doors or windows, the entire loads shall
be concentrated on piers, %hick shall be pro-oortioned
as columns.
Columns of reinforced concrete shall have
vertical steel reinforcing members, the net area of cross
section of which shall be not less than one per cent and
not more than five per cent of the area of concrete in
cross section where rods are used, and these members shall
be stayed against buckling at points whose distance apart
dca s not exceed the least diameter of column, and shall
- have full perfect bearings at each joint, and such joints
_32-
shall occur only at floors or other points of lateral
support. Columns shall not have an unsupported length
exceeding fifteen times the least horizontal dimension,
which shall not be less than ten inches. In computing
the strength of columns the two inches of concrete near-
est the surface shall be deducted from the area of con-
crete. In case of buildings where allowances for wind
pressure must be made, the vertical reinforcing members
of columns shall be connected by threading ends of rods
and connecting with threaded sleeves or turn- buokles.
The connection of beams and girders to columns shall
be made with suitable angle oraces.
Reinforced concrete beams and girders shall be de-
signed so that the reinforcing steel shall carry the full
tensile stress and no tensile stress shall be taken by
the concrete. The concrete may be estimated to carry
direct compression not to exceed five hundred pounds
per square inch. The net area of reinforcing steel in
beams and girders shall not be less than three - fourths of
one per cent of the area of the concrete in cross section,
and the concrete below the neutral atis of the steel
reinforcing members shall be deducted from the area of
concrete.
Reinforcing steel shall be imbedded in concrete so
that the thickness of concrete covering outside of steel
shall be as follows: For flat slabs not less than three -
fourths of an inch, for columns, beams, and girders, not
less than two inches. For foundation not less than
_33-
three inches from sides and top and six inches at bottom.
The axis of several columns acting continuously
throughout two or more stories shall accurately coin-
cide.
All reinforcing steel for curtain walls, beams, girders,
columns and foundations shall be mechanical bond steel
bars, and when it is necessary to splice reinforcing mem-
bers, the lap or splice shall not be less than twenty -four
diameters, provided, that in no case shall the reinforcing
members of beams or girders be spliced.
SECTION 42. STEEL FRAME. No material less than
one - quarter inch in thickness shall be used in part of con-
struction subject to stress.
SECTION 43. Columns shall be proportioned in ac-
cordance with Section 34 of this Ordinance. All columns in
buildings over 85 feet in height shall be made up of
rolled steel shapes and no columns shall be used which
do not have one solid web of metal along or parallel
with one axis of cross section.
All columns shall extend to a foundation, the top
of which is not above the basement floor level, except
where the load is carried on trusses or girders to other
columns.
Columns shall be corliiected to each other by
splice plates at or near a floor line. The splice plate
must be of sufficient size to take any possible tension
or shear due to wind pressure or eccentric loading.
Columns may be built in lengths of one or more stories.
-34-
SECTION 44. Cast iron columns may be used
in buildings less than 65 feet iu height.
Columns of cast iron shall be of round or
rectangular section, and no column shall be used hav-
ing a lateral dimension less than five inches, and the
thickness of metal shall not be less than one - fourteenth
of the greatest lateral dimension, and in no case shall
said thickness be less than three - quarters of an inch.
Do cast iron column shall have an unsupported length of
more than twenty -five times its least lateral dimension
except when forming the side of a staircase or elevator
enclosure. Do cast iron column shall be subjected to
a greater stress than - -Round columns:
8000
L2
1 plus
800 d2
where L is the length and d the outside diameter in
inches. Rectangular columns:
5000
L2
1 plus
1067 S2
where L is the length and S is the least side of rec-
tangle in inches.
The top and bottom flanges, seats and lugs
shall be reinforced by fillets and brackets, all of
I
which shall be of thickness not less than the metal
of column. The interior space of cast iron columns
-35-
.4
shall not be filled with any material.
Columns shall be faced at ends to a plane
surface at right angles to axis of column, and where
columns are placed vertically one over the other they
shall be connected with flanges secured with not less
than four three - quarter inch bolts, and in no case
shall the diameter of upper column be greater than that
of the lower column, nor shall the diameter of upper
column be more than two inches less than that of the
lower column. Where such columns are of different
diameter the inside diameters shall be made to coincide
by increasing the thickness of the metal of the upper
section of bearing column by a taper at least six inches in
length, or a joint plate not less than one inch thick, may
be used in place of this taper. All columns shall be
drilled with three - eighths inch holes to allow of in-
spection, ana any other hole or holes shall be drilled
of same size, as shall be required by the Building In-
Spector.
Columns where the thickness of metal in op-
posite sides of shaft varies more than tsenty per cent
shall be condemned.
SECTION 45. GIRDERS AND BEAMS. Girders
and beams shall be rolled steel shapes or built of
rolled steel sections. The compression of flanges
shall be stayed against side deflections if the length
exceeds thirty times the width.
Girders consisting of two I beams or channels
-36-
� � t
shall have bolted separators at ends, under concen-
trated loads and at intervals of not over five feet
when uniformly loaded.
Plate girders shall have stiffeners at ends,
under concentrated loads and under uniform loads at
intervals of not over five feet, and at intervals not
exceeding the depth of the girder, when the shearing
stress "S" per square inch exceeds that given by the
formula:
16,000
"S" Equals
d2
1 plus
8000 t2
where d equals clear distance out to out of flange
angles and t equals thickness of web in inches.
SECTION 46. WIND BRACING AND CONNECTIONS.
In buildings over one hundred feet high, or where the
height exceeds three times the least horizontal di-
mension, the steel frame shall be designed to resist a
wind pressure at thirty pounds per square foot acting in
any direction upon the entire exposed surface. All ex-
terior wall girders shall have knee -brace connections
to columns, and provision shall be made for diagonal
portal or knee- bracing to resist wind stresses, and such
bracing shall be continuous from the top story to and
including basement.
SECTION 47. All buildings except as in-
eluded in Section 46 shall have beams and girders con-
netted by standard brackets and connections, and
all parts of steel frames shall be riveted except
where rivets cannot be driven, in which case fitted
bolts may be used in reamed holes.
SECTION 48. FIREPROOFING. All parts of
steel frame, including cast iron columns, shall have
a continuous fireproof covering, and no pipes of any
description shall be laid in any fireproofing nor shall
any fireproofing be cut to allow the passage of any pipe
or duct through any part except floor slabs.
SECTION 49. Fireproofing shall consist of
concrete, brick, terra cotta, or metal lath and
plaster. Concrete fireproofing for columns shall be
of such thickness as to fill all outer spaces of the
column and extend at least three inches beyond the ex-
treme metal of the columns, and the major dimensions
of aggregates shall not exceed one inch, and a mesh
of metal lath or other form of metal reinforcement
shall be placed in concrete not less than one inch
from the outer surface thereof. Terra Cotta fire-
proofing shall be of blocks not less than four inches
thick, set in cement mortar and secured with approved
metal ties and a space of one inch left between
metal and terra cotta, which shall be filled with
concrete grouted in. Brick fireproofing shall at
no point be less than two and three quarter inches
thick surrounding column and filling all re- entrant
portions and all set in cement mortar. Metal lath
and plaster fireproofing shall be of double form.
-36-
� Ny
W
Bath shall be strapped around the steel column and plast-
ered with cement mortar or hardwall plaster. On this
shall be placed metal separators, around which a second
sheathing of metal lath shall be wound and rigidly support-
ed by column and covered with cement mortar in such manner
as to leave an air space of not less than one and one -half
inches. A metal partition will be considered a substitute
for this outer sheathing.
SECTION 50. Beams or girders, and other parts
of steel frame shall be fireproofed the same as col-
umns, except that all steel shall be covered with fire-
proofing at least two inches in its extreme harts.
Concrete fireproofing of soffits of beams and
girders shall have metal mesh embedded in the concrete
and bent around steel flanges as a support. Terra
cotta fireproofing shall be locked into the arches or
around flanges of beams, and the concrete filling may be
omitted.
SECTION 51. Partitions may be made of brick,
solid concrete, reinforced concrete, terra cotta, plaster
blocks, button lath where studs not less than 2" by 4"
are used, or other forms approved by the Board of Trustees,
or metal lath and plaster on metal studs. All partitions
shall be carried down to the incombustible material below.
Brick partitions shall be laid as walls and not less than
eight inches thick. Partitions of solid plain concrete shall
have a thicknesE not less than one - thirtieth of the height.
Reinforced concrete partitions shall have a
thickness not less than one - sixtieth of the height. Lath
and plaster partitions shall be made with steel studding.
-39-
i
If same are hollow, there shall be two layers or lath -
ing, but if partitions are made solid and not less than
two inches thick, one layer of lathing will be suffic-
ient. In all cases the depth of steel studding shall be
not less than one - sixtieth of the height of the partit-
ion. The partitions shall be continuous from floor to
ceiling and no grounds for fastening wodden parts shall
be inserted in the plaster.
SECTION 52. The structural part of fireproof
roofs and floors shall be built of brick, terra cotta,
concrete, steel or iron, or other approved material.
The slabs or arches shall be proportioned to
carry loads twenty per cent greater than that required
for the supporting beams of the frame.
Tie rods shall connect all beams where the floor
construction gives rise to a thrust. Where reinforced
concrete floors are used and the reinforcing of same so
placed as to form a sufficient and continuous tie
across beams the tie rods may be omitted. All tie rods
shall have nuts or turnbuckles for adjustment.
SECTION 53. All concrete slabs for floors or
roofs shall have imbedded therein a mesh of steel or
iron or some approved form of standard steel or iron
reinforcement, but metal lath and plaster applied to
the under side of such slabs shall not be considered
as providing such reinforcement. No concrete slab
shall have a span exceeding sixteen feet. The thick-
ness for slabs shall in no case be less than as follows:
For spans eight feet or less, roof slabs three inches,
-40-
a _
floor slabs three and one -half inches; for spans over
eight feet and less than twelve feet, roof slabs four
for spans over twelve feet, roof slabs 4? inches,
inches, floor slabs four and one -half inches,^floor
slabs five inches, provided that should other than rock
concrete be used the thickness in all cases shall be one-
half inch greater than that above given.
SECTI^N 54. If floors are built of terra
cotta, the blocks shall be formed with shapes that will
form an arch. The shell and walls shall be not less
than one inch thick. Arches shall be constructed so
that the key block will fall in the center and the
shells and webs always directly abutting, and shall
be set in concrete, or cement lime mortar. Such arches
may be curved or flat; if flc:t the openin r should
not exceed ten feet.
SECTION 55. Brick laid in cement mortar,
or cement li::e mortar, may be used for floors where
the span does not exceed ten feet. The rise shall be
one -ninth the span with four inched' crovrn thickness
for scans up to six feet and eight -inch cro::n thick-
ness for spans from six to ten feet.
SECTION 56. Fireproof ceilings shall be
constructed in the same manner as fireproof floors,
or they shall be of metal lath and plaster, in which
case the metal lath shall be suspender from the floor
r_ or ceiling beams by a rigid fr- -mev,,•ork or metal, to
which the lath shall be securely f s,ened.
SECTION 57. All roof's on Class A. B and C
buildings shall be coverer with either
metal, slate, tiles, terra cotta, asbestos
-41-
f
• r � . 5
shingles, a fourply asbestos roofing, or asphaltum,
provided, that said asphaltum shall be first laid over
not lose than four plies of felt, or two coats of
malthoid or equivalent prepared roofing, well cem-
ented together, and then covered with at least one -
half of an inch of gravel imbedded in said asphaltum,
gravel to have a major dimension not to exceed five -
eights of an inch and a minor dimension of not less
than one - quarter of 4n inch.
SECTION 58. 611 cornices shall be of metal,
stone, artificial stone, or terra cotta, secured to
steel or iron brackets supported by and connected
to the steel or concrete frame of the building.
SECTION 59. GENERAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO
CLASS "C" BUILDING. Timber columns shall be squared
at right aagles to their axis and timber, iron or
steel caps and base - plates shall be provided in all
buildings over two stories in height. All such col-
umns shall be supported on concrete or brick found-
ations. Studs of bearing partitions shall be calcu-
lated as timber columns to sustain the load, and where
placed in basement shall have continuous foundation
of concrete or brick.
SECTION 60. Roof trusses may be of steel,
steel and timber, or entirely of steel. Where the
span of roof truss is more than forty -five feet it
shall be supported at each end upon steel, reinforced
concrete, or wooden columns, which shall be contin-
uous to the foundation. The framing of trusses shall
-42-
be in accordance with standard practice.
SECTION 61. All wood beams, joists or other
timbers entering a party wall shall be separated by at
least four inches of solid masonry.
The ends of all wood floor and roof beams shall
rest at least four inches on the walls, or upon the
girders, and the ends resting on walls of brick shall be
out on a bevel of three inches to the depth of the
timbers.
Wood headers and trimmersimore than six feet long
shall be hung in stirrup irons of suitable thickness and
r" strength for size of timbers.
All wood floor beams shall be properly bridged
vt th cross or solid bridging in straight lines not more
than eight feet apart, and shall have solid bridging not
less than two inches thick placed between joists over all
girders and main bearing walls.
Cutting for piping or other purposes shall not
be done so as to reduce the strength of the supporting
parts below that required by the provisions of this
Ordinance, and no joist or girder shall be out into pt
a distance greater than twelve inches from bearing.
Where wooden girders rest upon walls they
shall be fastened thereto by two iron anchors or at
least one -half square inch in section, at least three
feet long, and with iron washers at the outer and at
least six by six inches by three - eighths inch thick,
and fastened to girder by two inches of the opposite
end being turned down so that the anchor is self -
releasing.
Where wood joists rest upon walls they shall
Y
-43-
be fastened with anchors as'reouired for wooden
girders, one anchor being used in every eight feet
of wall, and where joists or girders parallel a wall
they shall be anchored every eight feet in the same
manner.
Girders resting on columns shall be anchored
thereto or to the next girder with two iron tie - straps
of at least one -half square inch section.
Joists resting on girders shall belapped one
foot and spiked together or shall be connected with
iron straps of at least one -half square inch section,
the joists having wall anchors shall be thus strapped,
the object being to form a continuous tie across the
building.
SECTION 62. All wood partitions shall have
plates at top and sills at bottom of the same width
as studs and not less than two inches thick, and all
bearing partitions shall have such plates doubled.
All partitions shall have one row of bridging
not lose than two inches thick ani full width of studs,
and in case the length of studding exceeds fourteen
feet there shall be two such rows of bring placed
enui- distant.
SECTION 63. Light wells on outer walls not
more than twelve feet in length and in buildings not
over three stories in height, and starting from the
bottom of first story may be constructed of wood stud-
ding, the exterior of which shall be covered with one
inch redwood, and this covered with galvanized iron,
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- (ti
provided that the main walls be continued across same
either solid or with arches, or steel girders or rein-
forced concrete beams are carried across at each line of
each story. Light wells on inner walls may be construc-
ted of timber studding sheathed with one inch redwood and
covered with either galvanized iron or metal lath and
plaster, provided the area of same does not exceed one
hundred square feet.
SECTION 64. All exterior ornamental finish for
windows, cornices, belt courses, etc., shall be of metal,
stone, artificial stone, terra cotta or other fireproof
material, and shall be securely anchored to building.
Cornices of metal may be secured to wood brackets,
provided said brackets are secured to walls by iron
anchors built into same or by means of approved ex-
pansion bolts. The exterior walls rand roofs of rear porches
and outbuildings shall be covered with galvanized iron or
other fireproof material, and all other roofs shall be as
prescribed in Section 57 of this Ordinance.
SECTION 65. In "Mill Construction" the inside
loads shall be supported upon a framing of wood posts, girders
and beams, none of which shall be less than eight inches
in either of its cross dimensions. Wood posts shall not
be of smaller sectional area than one hundred sauare
inches, nor less than ten inches in either dimension,
except for posts of top story, which shall not be less
than eight inches in either dimension. All columns shall
be squared at right angles with their axis, and shall
have cast iron or steel boxes so constructed as to form a
base for the next post above. The ends of the girders
shall be secured to the cap or box in such manner as to
,r
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be self- releasing.
s
Cast iron columns and steel columns, girders
and beams may be used if fireproofed and constructed
as required for steel frames. Steel girders or beams
shall not be less than eight inches deep.
The lower floor may be of concrete if built
directly on the ground. All other floors shall be of
wood plank not less than three inches thick, spliced
or tongued and grooved, and covered with a wearing
floor of wood not less than seven - eighths inch thick
tongued and grooved and laid crosswise or diagonally
to planking and well nailed. Between the wearing floor
and planking there shall be two thicknesses of carefully
laid waterproofing material, which shall be flashed
around all wall posts, columns and openings with three
thicknesses and protected with moldings or base. The
roofs shall be of plank the same as for floors. Part-
itions may be of brick, terra cotta, concrete or metal
lath and plaster on metal studs.
The walls may be plastered directly on their
surface, or upon metal lath on metal furring, no wood
furring shall be used, but the partitions may be of two-
inch plank tongued and grooved.
SECTION 66. PROVISIONS RELATING TO THE CONSTRUC-
TION OF FRAME OR WOODEN BUILDINGS. Frame or wooden
buildings shall not contain more than three stories and
basement and shall not exceed forty feet in height.
SECTION 67. Frame or wooden buildings must be
supported upon fo Lndat ions of brick or concrete, and in
no case shall said foundation have footings less than
-46-
nine inches in width,nor shall they be less than ten
inches in height,hor exceed four feet in height unless
the width is increased four inches, and the above
dimensions shall apply to light one -story buildings only.,
with continuous foundations. Where piers are used they
shall have footings not less than thirteen inches square
and shall be nine inches square at top, and shall not be
placed farther apart than nine feet on centers.
Foundations for twn -story or two -story and base-
ment buildings shall be not less than thirteen inches
thick nor less than one foot in height.
Foundations for three -story or three -story and
basement buildings shall be not less than seventeen
inches thick nor less than two feet in height.
Foundations shall be placed level throughout,
or where the surface of lot is uneven, shall be stepped
in sections and each section placed level.
SECTION 88. For one -story buildings, the walls
and piers of foundations shall be provided with wood cap
i
not less than two inches by five inches. The walls may
be constructed with 2x3 studding not more than sixteen
inches on centers, and the height of the story in the
clear shall not be more than nine feet. The underpimzing
shall not be lees than 2x4 inches and shall not be placed
more than 24 inches from centers. All partitions shall be
constructed of 2x3 studding set not more thanesixteen
inches from centers. All interior walls shall be lathed
and plastered, provided that this clause does not prevent
the use of ordinary wainscot or paneling commonly used in
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dwellings. Buildings erected under this section
shall not exceed twenty -f our feet to the highest point
of the roof. Portions of one -story buildings of a
greater height than above provided for, or such build-
ings having attic rooms shall have studding for ex-
terior and bearing walls thereof not less than 2x4 inches and
placed not more than sixteen inch s from centers, and
the underpinning shallnot be less than 2x4 inches and
placed not more than sixteen inches from centers.
In two -story buildings the studding for out-
side walls and bearing partitions shall not be less than
2x4 inches placed sixteen inches from centers for both
stories and the underpinning shall be one inch thicker
than outside studs.
In three-story buildings the studding for out-
side walls and bearing partitions shall be 3x4, placed
not more than sixteen inches from centers for the first
story and the stories above to have studding the same
size as required for two -story buildings, and the under-
pinning shall be one inch thicker than the studs of out-
side walls immediately above, and the underpinning for
two or three -story buildings shall not be placed more
than sixteen inches from centers.
In all buildings where the length of und.er-
piniing exceeds eighteen inches there shall be solid
angle braces not le:s than two inches thick placed at
all corners and along walls at intervals of not more
than twenty -five feet.
In one -story buildings There it is permitted
to place the underpinning twenty -four inches from
At -46-
centers the floor joists may be placed directly over
the underpinning, but in all other cases the floor
joists shall be placed not more than sixteen inches on
centers. In no case shall any joist lees than 2x6 inches
be used, except for stair landings, platforms or floors of
small porches, with short spans.
Double partitions for sliding doors and used as
bearing partitions shall have studding not less than 2x3
placed not more than sixteen inches from centers. Where
not used as bearing partitions the studs may be less than
2x3, or for doors requiring pockets not more than forty -
two inches deep, the walls or pockets may be formed of
one inch tongued and grooved secured in frame and ships
placed vertically thereon to receive lath. Between the
walls for all sliding doors and not more than twelve
inches above the top of finished door, there shall be a
continuous separating header not less than 2x3 inches
and securely spiked to both walls, and on top of this
header there shall be bridging not less than one inch
thick placed between the studding and so placed as to
form a complete closure of the space between plaster-
ing.
All openings through partitions and walls
shall be framed with a double header and truss over
same, or with carrying girder, and all double head-
ers or girders shall be securely fastened to a full
length stud and supported upon a separate stud or
cripple securely spiked to full length stud.
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In all stories where 2x4 studdings are re-
quired for outside walls and the bearing partitions are
less than twelve feet apart, they may be built of 2x3
studding placed not more than sixteen inches from
centers.
SECTION 69. When stories are framed separate-
ly each tier of studding shall have plates atr,top and
Silas at bottom. These shall be of the same width as
etude and for outside bearing partitions shall be not
less than two inches thick in small one -story build-
ings. The minor partitions in such buildings may have
plates and sills one inch thick. In all other buildings
the top plates for outside and keariag walls shall be
doubled, except that for inside bearing walls where the
Joists are placed directly over the studs the top plate
may be single. When stories are not framed separately,
proper bridging must be placed behind the ribbon at the
oeiling line and on top of the joists at the floor line,
and shall be at least two inches thick and-full width of
the studs.
All walls and partitions shall have one row of
bridging two inches thick and same width of studs for
every seven feet in height over the first seven.
All outside walls and main cross partitions shall
be thoroughly angle braced. All second story and higher floor
joists shall be solid bridged at ends, and where building
exceeds twenty -five feet width, shall have solid bridging
over girder or partition of stairways, and where the
spans are twelve feet or over shall have a row of two
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inch cross bridging in straight lines not more than
eight feet apart.
When a chimney is furred out the space be-
tween the chimney and the breast shall be so co:l-
structed that there shall at least be one point in
the height o: the story where the passage of fire
or smoke shall be intercepted.
'Where cove ceilings are used there will be a
bridging placed between the studs the full width of
studs and not less than one inch thick and at the
spring line of the cove, so as to separate the air
pockets of joists from those of studs.
SECTION 70. Bay, oriel or swell windows,
or batteries of windows without intermediate sup-
ports shall not be constructed of a width greater
than fourteen feet, @xcept when started from the
foundation, and the space between any two such
windows shall not be less than five feet measured
on the outside of building and between the finish,
provided, that such space may be decreased to not
less than two feet when the same number of studding
are placed in such space as would be required in a
space of five feet and a sufficient amount of later-
al wall space is allowed in the same wall for angle
bracing. Such windows shall not project over the
street line a greater distance than twenty -four
inches measured on line of the wall finish of same.
Windows so projecting shall not be more than twelve
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If
feet wide, measured from end to end on a Dae perpen-
dicular and parallel with the property line, and the
finish of their soffits must be at least ten feet
above the level of the sidewalk at all points.
Balconies shall not extend over the side-
walk line a greeter distance than thirty inches,
and their soffits shall be not less than ten feet
above the level of the sidewalk at all points, and
they shall be so constructed that they will sup )ort
a live load of sixty pounds upon every square foot
of surface.
SECTION 71. Frame or wooden buildings
used as factories shall not contain more than two
stories, and shall be limited to thirty -fire feet in
height, and the exterior and bearing walls of such
buildings shall be built of 2x6 studs placed not more
than sixteen inches from centers, provided that when
the floor loads are carried on beams or girders spaced
s
not more than ten feet apart and supported on timber
columns, the studding of such buildings may be as pre-
scribed in Section 68 of this ordinance.
SECTION 72. TESTS. The builder shall make
load tests on any portion of a reinforced concrete
structure or sidewalk, or upon the floors of any build-
ings, within a reasonable time after erection, as may be
required by the Board of Trustees. Such tests shall
show that the construction will sustl in a load of
twice that for which it is designed, without any sign
of failure, or in the case of beams, girders or floors,
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without deflecting more than one. 'Jhree hundred
fiftieth of the span.
aLCTION 73. No awnings, shades or bal-
conies, except as provided in Section 70 of this Ord-
finance, shall be erected, constructed, placed or main-
tained in any building.
:;LCTION 74. No fixed or i,=ovable awnings,
shades or balconies shall be erected, constructed,
placed or maintained upon any building within the
corporate limits of the City of El Segundo.
SECTION 75. No fixed or immovable awnings,
shades or balconies extending beyond the property
line shall be erected, constructed, placed or main-
tained upon any building now erected, or to be erected
within the corporate limits of the City of El Segundo,
excepting balconies as prescribed in Section 70 of this
Ordinance, and movable cloth or canvas awnings. The
heiglit of all movable or canvas awnings shall not be
less than seven and one -half feet above the curb level.
SECTION 76. WHERE BUIZDIN x:; OF DIFFEiiE T
CLA,33ES MAY BE ERECTED. No building other than Class "A ",
Class "B" or Class "C" construction, or Class TIC" build-
ing with the interior of Mill Construction, shall here-
after be built within the fire limits of Fire District
No. 1 of the City of El ;Segundo.
Buildings of either construction above named
in this section may be built anywhere within the cor-
-SJ-
porate limits of the City of El Segundo.
Any and all additions to buildings now erected
within the fire limits of Fire District No. 1 shall be
of Class "A ", Class "B" or Class "C" construction.
SECTION 77. No frame or wooden building now
erected within the fire limits of Fire District No. 1
shall be enlarged or built upon.
No frame or wooden building now erected
within the fire limits of Fire District No. 1 shall be
repaired in any manner without a special pernit from the
Board of Trustees. Frame or wooden buildings constructed
in accordance with the provisions of :sections 66 to 75,
inclusive, of this Ordinance, may be built anywhere within
the corporate limits of the City of El Segundo except with-
in the fire limits of Fire District No. 1.
SECTION 78. RELATING TO THEATREJ, OPERA AIM
MOVING PICTURE HOUSES. All theatres, opera and *roving
?picture houses hereafter erected within the corporate
limits of the City of El Segundo shall be of Class "A ",
Class "B" or Class "C" construction, and the following
special provi ai ons shall apply to their construction,
in addition to the general provisions for Class "A",
TIB" and "C" construction.
SECTION 79. Every such buildin-, shall have
at least one front on the street, and in such front
there shall be suitable and ample means of entrance and
exit for the audience.
SECTION 80. In ever; such building having a
stage, the auditorium shall be separated from the stage
by a brick or masonry fire wall, and such wall shall
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extend to the extreme top of the roof of either the
auditorium or stage.
Above the proscenium opening there shall be
an iron or steel girder resting upon steel columns
to foundation, and the said girders and columns shall
be covered v�ith fireproof material. The proscenium
opening shall be provided with a fireproof curtain
sliding at each end within iron grooves securely
fastened to brick walls and extending into such
grooves at least four inches. All other openings in
proscenium veils shall have fireproof doors so hung as
to be opened both ways from either side at all times.
No building of Class "C" construction and
used as a theatre, opera or moving picture house shall
have any portion thereof occupied as a hotel, lod�lng
house or apartment house, and the interior of all theatres,
opera and moving picture houses shall be lined with
sheet metal, or be metal lathed and plastered, provided
that masonry walls need not be lathed or plastered,
and that Rood wainscoting not over six fiet in height
may be used in foyer and auditorium.
SECTION 81. EXITS. Every theatre, opera or
moving picture house shall have main exits in the street
front thereof, each of which shall not be less than five
feet wide and pr 000rtioned to the seating capacity as
follows: Seating; three hundred and fifty persons at
least two such exits; seating six hundred persons at
least three such exits, and for every additional one
hundred persons or portion thereof to be accommodated
in excess of six hundred an aggregate of twenty inches
-56-
additional exit width must be allowed. All doors of
exits or entrances shall open outwardly, and be hung
to swing in such a manner as not to become an obstruc-
tion to passage or corridor, and no such door shall
be closed or locked during the performances or while
the building is open to the public, unless locked by
a self- unlocking system.
In every such building having a seating
capacity of two hundred or over, at least one side of
such building shall abut upon a side street or upon
a passageway not less than five feet in width, and
such passageways when not constructed of masonry shall
have their interiors lined with sheet metal or be
metal lathed and plastered. Into such side streets
or passageways there shall be provided exits not less
than five feet in width and proportioned to the seat-
ing capacity as follows: Seating two hundred and fifty
persons or less, one such exit; seating over two hun-
dred and fifty persons and not more than four hundred
persons there shall be two such exits; seating more
than four hundred persons and not more than five hun-
dred persons, three such exits; and for every additional
one hundred persons or portion thereof to be accommod-
ated in excess of five hundred persons, an aggregate of
twenty inches additional width must be provided in
both exits and passageways. Exits opening into interior
passageways shall have no doors but may be hung with
curtains or portieres. Every exit shall have over the
same and on the auditorium side the word "Exit ", painted
in legible letters not less than eight inches high, and
over each exit there shall also be a red light on an
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independent circuit from all other lights in the
building. All courts and passageways shall be lighted
during the performance. Gradients not to exceed 10
per cent shall be employed to overcome any difference
of level in and between courts, corridors, lobbies,
passageways and aisles on the ground floor,, and the
level of corridors, courts and entrances shall be graded
flush to the sidewalk level, and in no case shall the
main front entrance be on a lower level than the sidewalk.
SECTION 82. AISLES AND SEATS. All aisles
in the auditorium having seats on both sides shall not
be less than three and one -half feet wide when the
aisles are sixty feet or less in length, and not less
than four feet wide when the aisles are more than
sixty feet in length. Aisles having seats on one side
only shall not be less than two and one -half feet wide
when aisles are sixty feet or less in length, and not
less than three feet wide when the aisles are more
than sixty feet in length. In buildings where side
exits are required there shall be one aisle not less
than three feet extending from each exit to center aisle.
All seats in the auditorium shall not be less
than thirty -two inches from back to back, measured in a
horizontal direction, and shall be firmly secured to
the floor. No seat in the auditorium shall have more
than six seats intervening between it and an aisle.
It shall be unlawful for any person to place
any obstruction whatever in any aisle, stairway, door-
way, exit or passageway during any performance, or to
cause or permit any person, other than the necessary
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ushers and attendants, to stand or remain in any
aisle or passageway, stairway or exit during any
performance.
SECTION 83. INSIDE STAIRWAYS, Stairs from
balconies or galleries shall not communicate with the
cellar or basement. All stairs shall have treads of
a uniform width and not less than ten inches in width,
exclusive of the nosings; and all risers shall be of
a uniform height, and in no case shall such height
exceed seven and one -half inches. No circular or
winding stairs for the use of the public shall be
permitted. When the stairs return directly on them-
selves, a landing of the full width of both flights
and without any steps shall be provided, and in
stairs having a change of direction less than this,
a landing the full width of one flight shall be pro-
vided. Stairways serving for the exit of one hundred
persons shall be not less than four feet wide between
railings or walls, and for every additional one hun-
dred persons or portion thereof, six inches additional
shall be provided, and when the number of persons to
be accommodated exceeds five hundred, two stairways
shall be provided, and the same shall be located on
opposite sides of said galleries. where there is
more than one gallery or when the seating capacity of
gallery exceeds five hundred, there shall be two stair-
ways with direct exterior outlets.
All stairways leading to galleries above the
first shall be enclosed with walls of fireproof material,
_ those leading to the first gallery may be left open on
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a
one side. All stairways shall be provided with not
less than two handrails placed about three feet above
center of treads and supported on metal brackets against
walls or on wrought metal standards for open sides;
stairways eight feet or over in width shall be pro-
vided with a center handrail of metal not less than two
inches in diameter and supported on wrought metal or
brass standards placed from four to sig feet apart and
securely bolted to treads or risers in such manger as
to form a rigid construction.
All platforms in galleries formed to receive
seats shall be not more than twenty -one inches in height
or rise nor less than thirty -two inches in width of
platform, and the rise of steps between same shall be
not more than eight inches in height, and the width of
tread shall not be less than ten inches, exclusive of
nosings.
There shall be not less than ten feet between
the front row of seats and the screen for moving pictures,
or in case of opera houses and theatres there will be
not less than ten feet between said front row of seats
and the fireproof curtain of stage.
SECTION 84. FOYERS, LOBBIES, ETC. The aggreg-
ate capacity of the foyers, lobbies, corridors, passages
and rooms for use of the audience, not including aisle
space between seats, shall on each floor or gallery be
sufficient to contain the entire number to be accommod-
ated on said floor or gallery in the ratio of one hun-
dred and fifty superficial feet of floor room for every
one hundred persons.
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t
SECTION 85o FIRE P FC TEO T IO N. In all moving
picture houses that are in operation at the time of
the passage of this Ordinance or th4t shall hereafter
be built, or shall be converted to such use, and of
whatever seating capacity, there shall be placed im-
mediotel.y outside the operator's booth or mov, ng
picture box two buckets, each containing not less
than three gallons of water, and also two chemical
fire extinguishers of three gallons capacity each,
and said buckets and fire extinguishers shall be ready
for service at all times.
611 such places of amusement having a seating
capacity of three hundred or more persons shall be
equipped with at least one galvanized stand pipe not
less than one and one -half inches in diameter, placed
at center of one side of auditorium, and shall have a
one and one -half -inch connection with the street main
direct, and at :ached to said standpipe there shall be
fifty feet of one and one- half -inch hose, one end of
which shall be fitted with a five- eighths -inch nozzle.
If there be a gallery there shall be a similar hose
and standpipe provided, or if placed on same pipe, the
pipe shall be two and one -half inches in diameter.
All such houses having a stage shall have
one and one -half -inch standpipe with hose attachment
on every floor, and the galleries as follows, namely:
One on each side of the auditorium in each tier; also
one on each side of the stage on front of proscenium
wall in each tier, and at least one in the property
room. If more than one hose is placed on any one pipe,
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such pipe shall be increased in size in proportion to
the number of such outlets.
All such pipes shall be separately and dis-
tinctly connected directly with water mains.
If gas is used in the building for any pur-
pose, provisions shall be made for shutting off the
same outside of the building.
All lights in passageways and corridors shall
be protected with proper wire network when so required
by the Board of Trustees.
SECTION 86. OPERATOR'S BOOTH. All booths to
be at least six feet six inches in height in clear. The
floor space shall be proportioned to the number of
machines, as follows: One picture machine, six by
six feet; one Picture machine and one stereopticon,
nine by six feet; two picture machines and one stere-
opticon, twelve by six feet.
All booths shall be constructed entirely of
fireproof materials, or in case of wood booths, the
walls, ceilings and floors shall be sheathed with
tongued and grooved non - resinous material not less than
three - quarters of an inch in thickness, so placed that
the inside of the room shall present nothing but flat
surfaces. The sheathing shall be covered with metal
not lighter than No. 28 B. & S. gauge galvanized sheet
iron, joints locked one -half inch and nailed under
seams at intervals of not more than five inches. The
metal to lie smooth on sheathing, and no solder to be
used in joints. 'she door shall be two feet six inches
wide and lined with metal the same as the rest of the
inclosure. The opening, shall be provided with a metal-
- 61-
covered stop for door extending entirely wound open-
ing and shall not be less than one -half inch in width.
The door shall be provided Aith automatic closing de-
vice, and shall be hung to swing outward. The booth
shall be ventilated with a window having all wood parts
covered with metal and opening to the outer air direct,
or by a metal pipe not less than six inches in diameter,
which shall extend through the exterior wall or roof
of the building, or may be connected to a brick or
patent chimney.
There shall not be more than two openings
per machine in the booth, one for operator and one
for the machine, and neither of said openings shall
exceed one hundred am* forty -four square inches. All
openings shall be provided with metal shutters arrang-
ed to slide and held open by combustible cord and
fusible link, so arranged that shutter may be easily
released by hand, and when same do not slide vertically
shall be provided with a weight suspended by non-com -
bustible cord in such manner as to close shutter quickly.
SECTION 87. MISCELLANEOUS. All outer doors,
gates or appliances used for closing the means of ingress
or egress to churches, schools, theatres, public halls
or other places of public assembly within the corporate
limits of the City of El Segundo, shall be so constructed
as to swing outwards, and when any such building is
occupied by ten or more persons, said doors, gates or
appliances shall remain unlocked except when locked by
an approved form of "panic bolt" or self - unlocking;
device.
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SECTION 88. Any and all such buildings
having inner entrances or doors between the main
entrance and seating space, the same shall be con-
structed to swing open in both directions, and shall
remain unlocked when such building, or buildings are
occupied,
SECTION 89. No bay windows shall be built,
erected or constructed upon any building or structure
now erected, or to be erected, within the fire limits,
of Fire District No, 1,
No sleeping room shall be built without
window to outside air. In no case shall pilasters,
pedestals, bases or the moldin-s of same extend more
than four inches beyond the property line.
SE, C':'IOJT 90. No lining of cloth or paper shall
be placed upon the interior walls, or the ceilings of any
building within the corporate li_ -its of the City of Ll
Segundo; provided, that plastered walls ma,- be pa -oered
or burlapAed.
SECTION 91. Any building or addition lined,
enlargee, erected, elevate'_ or .noved in violation of
the provisions of this ordinance, or converted to any
other use than that for which it was originally intended,
shall be de._med a nuisance, and it shall be the duty of
the City marshal to ascertain the name of the owner, rro-
7rietor, agent or occ u -Pant of the same, and notify him to
remove or abate the same within five days from the
tii: -e of such notice, and in case same is not removed or
abated within such time, the City I'larshal shall
himself cause the same to be removed or abated,
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1 °
and whatever expense shall accrue in or about such
removal or abatement shall be and hereby is made a
charge upon the party so notified and upon the prop-
erty upon which such nuisance is committed, and may be
collected as other debts in an action in favor of the
City of E1 Segundo,
SECTION 92. When any building now erected
wit')in the fire limits of the City of El Segundo, and
which is not of lass "A'T, Class "B" or Class "C" con-
struction, shall have been damaged by fire to the ex-
tent of less than one -half its value, the Board of
Trustees, in its discretion, may, by vote, authorize
a permit to be issued to restore the same to its
former condition and dimensions, upon such con-
ditions as it may see fit to prescribe. In all cases
where such burned building is neither repaired or re-
moved within ninety days after being so burned, it is
hereby declared to be a nuisance, and shall be removed
or abated in the manner provided in Section 87 of this
Ordinance.
SECTION 93. All awnings, porches, sheds or
roofs within the corporate limits of the City of El
Segundo shell be kept in a safe and substantial con-
dition, and whenever the same shall become dilapidated
or be in a dangerous or unsafe condition, so as to
` menace the safety of pedestrians passing on the side-
walks or firemen required to go thereon in case of
fire, the same shall be put in a safe state of repair
within five days after the otimer, agent or proprietor
of such property has been notifi :�d by the City
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Marshal to make such repair. In case of failure to
comply with such notice the same shall be and is
declared a nuisance, and shall be abated or removed
in the man:er provided in Section 87 of this Ordin-
ance. All buildings, now erected or hereafter to be
erected within the limits of Fire District No. 1
shall have proper provisions made for carrying the
rain water from the main roof to street --utter at
curb line.
SECTION 94. No person shall use or cause or
allow to be used within the corporate limits of the
City of TL Segundo, in any building or other place
containin, any hay, stray, shavi:_,gs or other matter
equally or more combustible, any lighted Ionp, candle
or torch, unless the same oe within a lantern, and so
securely guarded as to prevent danger from fire; and
no person shall either take or have within any building
or other place containing such combustible material,
any lighted cigar, cigarette or pipe.
SECTION 95. No person shall place, keen or
have within the fire limits any hay, straw, shavings
or other material more combustible than lumber, unless
the same shall be enclosed and covered with wood or
some material not more combustible than wood.
SECTION 96. Every building of two stories
or more in height, whether already erected or here-
after to be erected, occupied or used as a «otel,
boardin? or lodging house, or any factory or mill,
manufactory or workshop, shall be provided with ;;ood
and sufficient means of egress, in case of fire.
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Every building in which operatives are employed above
the first floor shall be provided with metal fire
escapes, and no women or children shall be employed
above the second floor of any factory, shop or printing
office unless there are two or more such means of exit.
All buildings three or more stories in height occupied
or used as hotels, boarding or lodging houses, or
for any shop or manufacturing purpose, when situated
within the fire limits, shall be provided with metal
fire escapes; and any such building without the
fire limits shall either have such metal fire escapes
or shall have outside wooden stairways erected in a
substantial manner at the rear of such building and
in addition to the main stairways required for such
buildings.
SECTION 97. Buildings having a ground
area not to exceed twenty -five hundred square feet
shall have a mein stairway to second floor not less
than three feet in width, and stairways leading to
third floor shall not be less than two and one -half
feet in width. If such ground area exceeds twenty -five
hundred square feet and is not more than five thousand
square feet, the main stairway to second floor shall not
be less than four feet in width, and all stairways above
the second floor shall not be less than three feet in
width.
If such ground area exceeds five thousand
square feet and does not exceed ten thousand square
feet, the main stairway to second floor shall not be
less than five feet in width, and there shall be not
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less than two stairways above the second floor, each
not less than three feet in width and extending to the
top floor of the building, and one of the:.e stairways
shall be removed as far as possible from the main stair-
way, but shall be accessible from the halls. If such
ground arealexceeds ten thousand square feet, there
shall be an additional stairway on each floor and of
• width not less than prescribed for buildings having
• ground area..of over five thousand square feet; pro-
vided, that in buildings where elevators are used,
there need be but one stairway of the width above
requAred. There marble treads are used they shall have
metal supports on all sides.
SECTION 98. All elevator enclosures shall
be provided with guards and gate. Brick enclosing
walls shall be at least eight inches thick. Side-
walk elevators shall not exceed thirty -five square feet
in area and the outer edge shall not be more than two
and one -half feet from the curb line and the length
of the sides parallel with curb line shall not exceed
six feet.
For passenger elevators the factor of safety
used in calculating the strength of ropes, gearing and
other mechanics shall not be less than twenty; and
for other purposes said factor of safety shall not be
less than ten. All factors of safety figured from
actual static loads.
Every elevator shall be provided with approved
devices for preventing the car from falling in case
of accident. Doors of passenger elevators shall be
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entirely under the control of the operator and con-
trolled from the inside. Elevator cars shall be so
covered by wire screens as to protect passengers from
falling machinery, and every part of the elevetor
shall be protected by a metal grill when not enclosed.
SECTION 99. All buildings now erected, or
which may hereafter be erected, or altered, or changed
within the City of E1 Segundo, where fire is to be
used, shall have flues constructed either of brick,
stone or terra cotta, or in lieu thereof, there may
be erected a chimney known as a "Patent Chimney," for
which a United States patent has been issued, and the
name of the patentee and the date of the letters
patent shall be stamped on each chimney so as to be
readily seen. Provided that hotels and restaurants
shall in all cases have brick chimneys. In no case
shall a stovepipe enter the bottom of a chimney, but
shall enter at one side and into an elbow, thimble or
projection of the same material as the flue. All
"Patent Chimneys" erected on the inside of a building
shall start from the floor of the story in which used
and shall be placed on an iron plate resting on not
less than eight inches of brickwork.
ffhen such chimneys are erected on the out-
side of a building they may be placed on a metal plate
supported on iron brakets, and these shall be securely
"- fastened to studs with bolts and note; there must be
an opening provided near the bottom of such chimney
for the purpose of cleaning same, fitted with a fire-
proof and smoke -proof cover. All joints in such chimneys
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34,7
shall be cemented and all bands filled and made smoke
and air tight. All galvanized iron used in such
chimneys shall be No. 24 iron riveted at intervals of
not more than three inches, or may be seamed with
rivet at top and bottom of seams, and shall be
ventilated by eight holes not less than one inch in
diameter and made close to the top of chimney and above
roof, and there shall be not less than one inch be-
tween the clay pipe and iron covering, and the opening
in roof or ceiling through which same shall pass shall
be closed with an iron plate or other fireproof material,
and said chimney shall be placed so that no part will
be nearer than one and one -half inches from w odwork,
and shall be secured to framework with wrought iron
bands secured to studs.
Brick or patent flues erected without the fire
limits and when the height does not exceed twelve feet,
may be built upon a platform supported b;y timbers placed
vertically and extending to firm foundation and of suffi-
cient strength to safely sup.)ort one ton. When the
height of any chimney exceeds twelve feet, the same
shall extend to the ground, or if patent flue is used
same shall extend to floor.
All chimneys shall be carried up at least
four feet above the point where the same leaves the roof,
and should said chimneys be deemed unsafe by the Board
of Trustees, either to the building containing same or
to an adjoining building or buildings, they shall be
carried up to a point at least four feet above the
extreme height of any buildings so endangered.
No chimney shall be built in a frame building
so as to increase in size from the foundation, nor shall
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348
they be so increased in any building unless ample
provisions are made for supcorting same.
No boiler of any kind shall be placed under
any flue in any building.
All brick or stone chimneys shell be plastered
smooth on the inside or shall be lined with terra
cotta lining; and finished in such manner as to close
all joints and crevices; and no such chimney shall
have any joist or timber resting on or entering the
same further than will leave at least eight inches
between the end of such timber and the inside of the
flue.
No smoke flue shall be less than fifty
square inches in area and such flue shall not have
more than one inlet; for each additional inlet the
area shall be increased at least 60 per cent. No
"Patent Chimney" shall have more than one inlet nor
shall any patent chimney have an inside diameter of
less than six inches. Bakery oven flues shall not
be less than twelve by twelve inches in the clear,
and shall be surrounded by brickwork not less than
eight inches thick. The inside four inches of all
boiler flues for boilers of more than twenty -five
horse -power shall be of fire brick, laid in fire clay
mortar, for a distance of twenty -five feet in any
direction from the source of heat, and shall have the
area and height of such flue in proportion to the
grate surface. Provided, that kitchen flues may have
two inlets, consisting of one six -inch and one five -inoh
thimble, where it is desired to use said five -inch
thimble for heating stove.
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349
SECTION 100. The top of all heating furnaces
set in brick shall be covered with brick sup--)orted by
iron bars, so constructed as to be airtight; said
covering shall be in addition to and not less than
six Inches from the ordinary covering of the hot -air
chamber. Smoke pipes and furnaces not set in brick
I
shall be at least two feet prom any woodwork, except
that said smoke pipe or furnace may be placed within
twelve inches of woodwork if said woodwork is protected j
by sheets of tin plate in such manner that an air space
Of at least two inches will be wormed betv.•een the wood-
work and the tin plate, which plate shall extend one
foot beyond the furnace or flue a, all points or all
sides.
SECTION 101. All steam boilers, heating
furnaces or water heating apparatus using any fuel I
i
other than coal or gas, installed in the basement of any i
building of Class A, B or C construction, or in any
church, hotel, tenement or apartment house, shall be
enclosed in a room with walls of masonry, terra cotta
or tile from the basement fl -)or to the bottom of first
floor joists, and with ceiling of the same construction
or of not less than one inch of plaster on metal lath.
No wood shall be used in the construction of the floor.
All doors to same shall be of fireproof canstruc pion and
arranged to swing o:ztward or arranged on metal track with
metal shives, and in either case must be arranged to
i
close automatically. i
SECTION 102. No metal ripe intended to convey
steam or heated air shall be placed within less than
one inch of any woodwork unle:.s such pipe is protected
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3'�rJ
by a facing of metal, soapstone or earthen ring;
provided, that no covering except it be of incombust-
ible material, shall be placed within one inch of the
outer surface of any steam pipe.
All hot air boxes and ducts shall be made
of double plates of tin placed one -half inch apart,
except when enclosed in mLsonry, terra cotta or asbestos,
and no woodwork shall be placed closer than one-half
inch of said pipes or ducts. All hot air registers
hereafter placed in the floor or wall of any building
shall be set in fireproof borders not less than two
inches in depth; all register boxes shall be made of
tin plate, with a flange on top of border, the register
to rest upon the same- All floor registers shall have
an open space of at least two inches on all sides ex-
tending from the under side of the ceiling to the
floor and to top of border, the outside of said space
to be made to be covered with tin casing and made
tight on all sides. Wherever borders have to be
secured to woodwork they shall be separated from same
by a sheet of asbjfstos at least one- eighth of an inch
thick. All such pipes, ducts or boxes shall be made of
tin not lighter than IX, and shall be seamed or riveted,
rivets not more than three inches apart.
SECTION 103. All fireplaces and chimney
breasts where mantels are placed, whether intended for
ordinary fireplaces or not, shall have trimmer arches to
support the hearth; arches shall be of brick, stone,
terra cotta or concrete, at least twenty inches wide,
measured from the face of the chimney breast, and their
length shall not be less than one foot more than the
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*3 tr -1
width of the fireplace or grate opening. Wood centers
shall be removed from under trimmer arches, and no
timber shall be placed under any fireplace or hearth.
Hearths shall be of brick, tile, stone or concrete,
open fireplaces not provided with metal frame
to carry weight shall have arched heads with an iron
arch bar over the top of the opening, not less than one-
quarter by two and one -half inches turned up at the end
two inches each side of a chimney breast, so as to make
a perfect bond for arch. The firebacke and jambs of
all fireplaces shall be not less than eight inches
thick of solid masonry. When a grate is set in a fireplace
a lining of firebrick at least two inches thick shall be
added to the fireback, unless soapstone, tile or cast
iron is used, and filled solid behind with fireproof
material.
In all buildings in which there is a chimney
or flue into which stovepi -pes enter, and where it is not
directly plastered on the brickwork, there shall be
either a double collar of metal with not less than two
inchee of air space with holes equaling one -third the
area for ventilation, or an earthen pipe extending from
the inner side of flue and coming out flush with the
finished plaster line. No smoke pipe in any building with
wooden or combustible floors or ceilings shall be placed
so that any part thereof shall be nearer than eighteen
inchee of such floors or ceilings, and no such pipe
shall pass through wooden partitions of any wind whether
the same be plastered or not, except they be protected
by either a double collar of metal with tv:o -inch air
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space and holes for ventilation, or by a soapstone ring
at least three inches thick, or by an earthenware ring
three inches from said pipe, and extending through the
partition.
SECl'ION 104. No person shall kindle or main-
tain any fire of charcoal, wood or other combustible
material in or upon any open tin, metal, can or
earthenware vessel in any room, entry or passage, or
in any other part of any building in the City of El
Segundo, or in any furnace or stove of any kind, unless
the same be connected by means of good sheet iron pipe
with a brick or earthenware chimney; provided, that the
provisions of this Ordinance shall not be deemed to
apply to portable stoves, furnaces or lamps temporarily
used by artisans in the prosecution of their regular
and lawful business, to open forges used by metal work-
ers, or to properly constructed kerosene, gasoline or
gas stoves used for cooking purposes, or for heating
single rooms.
SECTION 105. FIRE DEPAR- LIvtE+NT CONTROL FIRE
APPARATUS. The standpipes, gas pipes, electric wires,
hose, footlights and all apparatus for the extinguishing
of fire, or guarding against same, as in this ordinance
specified, shall be in charge and under the control of
the E1 Segundo Fire Department, and said department is
hereby directed to see that the arrangements in respect
thereto are carried out and enforced.
SECTION 106. RIGHT OF ENTRY BY A13THORITIESO
The Board of Trustees, the Building Inspector, the GbAad
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e9 �n
and the Chief of the Fire Department or their
authorized representatives, shall have the right to
r
enter at any time any building used for theatrical or
operatic purposes or for public entertainments of any
kind.
SECTION 107. INSPECT'OR'S RIGHT TO ENTER
BUILDINGS. The Building Inspector or his duly author-
ized representatives, or the representatives of the Board
of Health, so far as may be necessary for the perform-
ance of their duties, shall have the right to enter any
new building or unoccupied building, or any building
under construction, repair, alteration or removal, or
any building alleged to be unsafe or a menace to life
and limb, upon showing their badge of office.
SECTION 108. STFAIN SH ELT. The owner,
architect or builder of any building being erected in
the City of E1 Segundo shall, when requested by the
Building Inspector, furnish a correct strain sheet and
statement of loads and sizes of any part thereof.
SECTION 109. NOTICE OF LATHING. When a build-
ing is ready for lathing or sheathing on the inside,
the Building Inspector shall be notified. The rough
studding shall not be covered or in any way concealed
from view until inspection has been made and the
written approval of the Building Inspector obtained.
SECTION 110. BUILDINGS ERECTM IN VIOLATION
OF ORDINANCE, No person, firm or corporation shall oc-
cupy or use in any manner whatsoever any building erected,
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constructed, altered, repaired, raised, added to or
built upon in violation of any of the provisions of
this Ordinance.
SECTION 111. PENALTY. Any person, firm,
company or corporation that violates, disobeys, omits,
neglects or refuses to comply with, or that opposes
the execution of any of the provisions of this ordin-
ance shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and upon con-
viction thereof shall be punished by a fine not exceed-
ing five hundred dollars, or by imprisonment for not
more than six months or by both such fine and impris-
onment; and every such person, firm, company or corp-
oration shall be deemed guilty of a separate offense
for every day such violation, disobedience, omission,
neglect or refusal shall continue, and shall be subject
to the penalty imposed by this section for each and
every separate offense; and any builder or contractor
v&-o shall construct any building in violation of any
of the provisions of this ordinance, and any architect
having charge of such building, who shall permit it to
be so constructed, shall be liable to the penalties pro-
vided and imposed by this section.
SECTION 112. The Building Inspector shall
issue all permits for buildings
shall inspect said buildings as
inspect said buildings at least
lathing is commenced. He shall
to the City Clerk all fees for
provided for in this Ordinance.
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as herein provided and
herein provided and shall
once immediately before
collect and turn over
Permits and inspection
3rJ 4
SECTION 113. The office of Building Inspect-
or of the City of El Segundo is hereby created. The said
Building Inspector shall be appointed by the Board of
Trustees of the City of El Segundo, which appointment shall
continue in force during the pleasure of said Board, and
the compensation of said appointee shall be a monthly
salary payable in the same manner as other city salaries
are paid, the amount of which shall be fixed from time to
time at the pleasure of the Board of Trustees.
SECTION 114. The City Clerk shall certify to the
passage of this ordinance, and shall cause the same to
be published by one insertion in the El Segundo Herald,
a weekly newspaper of general circulation printed, pub-
lished and circulated within the said Citya2d which is
hereby designated for that purpose.
This Ordinance shall take effect thirty days
after the final passage thereof.
Passed and approved this .2,0 ? day of
1918.
President of the Board o
Trustees of the City of
El Segundo.
ATTEST:
City Clerk.
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STATE OF CAL IFORi:I IA )
CO MY OF LOS ANGELES
C ITY OF E L SEGUNDO )
I, Victor D. McOarthy, City Clerk of the
City of E1 Segundo, California, do h ereby certify
that the foregoing Ordinance, being Ordinance No. %3 /,
was passed by the Board of Trustees of said City,
signed by the President of said Board, and attested
by the City Clerk, all at a regular meeting of said
Board held on the o2 0 � ay of
19180 and that the same was passed by the fo owing
vote: ,
AYES: TRUSTEES
NOES: TRUSTEES %LIZ -2�
ABSENT: TRUSTEES _
City Clerk.
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